5 8 12 triangle

Obtuse scalene triangle.

The lengths of the sides of the triangle:
a = 5
b = 8
c = 12

Area: T = 14.52436875483
Perimeter: p = 25
Semiperimeter: s = 12.5

Angle ∠ A = α = 17.61224390704° = 17°36'45″ = 0.30773950511 rad
Angle ∠ B = β = 28.95550243719° = 28°57'18″ = 0.50553605103 rad
Angle ∠ C = γ = 133.43325365578° = 133°25'57″ = 2.32988370922 rad

Altitude (height) to the side a: h_a = 5.80994750193
Altitude (height) to the side b: h_b = 3.63109218871
Altitude (height) to the side c: h_c = 2.42106145914

Median: m_a = 9.88768599666
Median: m_b = 8.27664726786
Median: m_c = 2.91554759474

Inradius: r = 1.16218950039
Circumradius: R = 8.26223644719

Vertex coordinates: A[12; 0] B[0; 0] C[4.375; 2.42106145914]
Centroid: CG[5.45883333333; 0.80768715305]
Coordinates of the circumscribed circle: U[6; -5.68803755744]
Coordinates of the inscribed circle: I[4.5; 1.16218950039]

Exterior (or external, outer) angles of the triangle:
∠ A' = α' = 162.38875609297° = 162°23'15″ = 0.30773950511 rad
∠ B' = β' = 151.04549756281° = 151°2'42″ = 0.50553605103 rad
∠ C' = γ' = 46.56774634422° = 46°34'3″ = 2.32988370922 rad

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How did we calculate this triangle?

We know the lengths of all three sides of the triangle, so the triangle is uniquely specified.

a = 5 b = 8 c = 12

1. The triangle perimeter is the sum of the lengths of its three sides

p = a + b + c = 5 + 8 + 12 = 25

2. The semiperimeter of the triangle

The semiperimeter of the triangle is half its perimeter. The semiperimeter frequently appears in formulas for triangles to be given a separate name. By the triangle inequality, the longest side length of a triangle is less than the semiperimeter.

s = \frac{p}{2} = \frac{2 5}{2} = 12.5

3. The triangle area using Heron's formula

Heron's formula gives the area of a triangle when the length of all three sides is known. There is no need to calculate angles or other distances in the triangle first. Heron's formula works equally well in all cases and types of triangles.

4. Calculate the heights of the triangle from its area.

There are many ways to find the height of the triangle. The easiest way is from the area and base length. The triangle area is half of the product of the base's length and height. Every side of the triangle can be a base; there are three bases and three heights (altitudes). Triangle height is the perpendicular line segment from a vertex to a line containing the base.

5. Calculation of the inner angles of the triangle using a Law of Cosines

The Law of Cosines is useful for finding a triangle's angles when we know all three sides. The cosine rule, also known as the Law of Cosines, relates all three sides of a triangle with an angle of a triangle. The Law of Cosines extrapolates the Pythagorean theorem for any triangle. Pythagorean theorem works only in a right triangle. Pythagorean theorem is a special case of the Law of Cosines and can be derived from it because the cosine of 90° is 0. It is best to find the angle opposite the longest side first. With the Law of Cosines, there is also no problem with obtuse angles as with the Law of Sines because the cosine function is negative for obtuse angles, zero for right, and positive for acute angles. We also use an inverse cosine called arccosine to determine the angle from the cosine value.

a^{2} = b^{2} + c^{2} - 2 b c cos α α = arccos (\frac{b ^{2} + c ^{2} - a ^{2}}{2 b c}) = arccos (\frac{8 ^{2} + 1 2 ^{2} - 5 ^{2}}{2 \cdot 8 \cdot 1 2}) = 17 ° 3 6^{'} 45 " b^{2} = a^{2} + c^{2} - 2 a c cos β β = arccos (\frac{a ^{2} + c ^{2} - b ^{2}}{2 a c}) = arccos (\frac{5 ^{2} + 1 2 ^{2} - 8 ^{2}}{2 \cdot 5 \cdot 1 2}) = 28 ° 5 7^{'} 18 " γ = 180 ° - α - β = 180 ° - 17 ° 3 6^{'} 45 " - 28 ° 5 7^{'} 18 " = 133 ° 2 5^{'} 57 "

6. Inradius

An incircle of a triangle is a tangent circle to each side. An incircle center is called an incenter and has a radius named inradius. All triangles have an incenter, and it always lies inside the triangle. The incenter is the intersection of the three-angle bisectors. The product of a triangle's inradius and semiperimeter (half the perimeter) is its area.

7. Circumradius

The circumcircle of a triangle is a circle that passes through all of the triangle's vertices, and the circumradius of a triangle is the radius of the triangle's circumcircle. The circumcenter (center of the circumcircle) is the point where the perpendicular bisectors of a triangle intersect.

8. Calculation of medians

A median of a triangle is a line segment joining a vertex to the opposite side's midpoint. Every triangle has three medians, and they all intersect each other at the triangle's centroid. The centroid divides each median into parts in the ratio of 2:1, with the centroid being twice as close to the midpoint of a side as it is to the opposite vertex. We use Apollonius's theorem to calculate a median's length from its side's lengths.

m_{a} = \frac{2 b ^{2} + 2 c ^{2} - a ^{2}}{2} = \frac{2 \cdot 8 ^{2} + 2 \cdot 1 2 ^{2} - 5 ^{2}}{2} = 9.887 m_{b} = \frac{2 c ^{2} + 2 a ^{2} - b ^{2}}{2} = \frac{2 \cdot 1 2 ^{2} + 2 \cdot 5 ^{2} - 8 ^{2}}{2} = 8.276 m_{c} = \frac{2 a ^{2} + 2 b ^{2} - c ^{2}}{2} = \frac{2 \cdot 5 ^{2} + 2 \cdot 8 ^{2} - 1 2 ^{2}}{2} = 2.915

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See triangle basics on Wikipedia or more details on solving triangles.